Woods, Bark, Resin and Moss
Agarwood (Oud)
Agarwood, also known as Oud, is one of the world's rarest and most valuable fragrance ingredients. It is formed when certain species of Aquilaria trees, native to Southeast Asia, become naturally infected by a specific type of mould. In response, the tree produces a dark, aromatic resin within its heartwood, creating the prized material known as agarwood.
In fragrance, Oud is celebrated for its deep, resinous aroma with rich woody, smoky, leathery and subtly sweet notes. It brings exceptional depth, warmth and longevity to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with sandalwood, cedarwood, rose, patchouli, amber and vanilla. Revered for centuries throughout the Middle East and Asia, Oud remains one of the most luxurious and sought-after ingredients in fine perfumery.
Birch
Birch is a genus of deciduous trees (Betula) found throughout the cool temperate regions of Europe, Asia and North America. Recognised for their distinctive white or silver bark and graceful appearance, birch trees have long been valued for their timber, sap and bark, and are often associated with renewal, resilience and the changing of the seasons.
In fragrance, Birch is prized for its distinctive woody aroma with smoky, leathery and subtly sweet notes. Traditionally derived from the bark through distillation, birch oil adds depth and character to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with cedarwood, vetiver, patchouli, sandalwood and tobacco leaf. Birch is especially valued in woody and masculine fragrance compositions for its warm, rugged and sophisticated character.
Blue Cypress
Blue Cypress (Callitris intratropica) is a conifer native to the tropical regions of northern Australia and is one of the country's most distinctive aromatic trees. Highly valued for its naturally blue essential oil, Blue Cypress has been used for generations by Indigenous Australians and is now prized in perfumery and aromatherapy for its unique fragrance and Australian heritage.
In fragrance, Blue Cypress is celebrated for its fresh woody aroma with resinous, smoky and subtly balsamic notes, balanced by a soft earthy sweetness. Its calming scent adds depth and sophistication to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with sandalwood, eucalyptus, fir needle, cedarwood, citrus and Australian botanicals. Blue Cypress is a signature ingredient in many Australian-inspired fragrance compositions, capturing the essence of the native bush.
Buddha Wood
Buddha Wood (Eremophila mitchellii) is a native Australian tree found in the arid and semi-arid regions of Queensland and New South Wales. Renowned for its dense, durable timber and richly aromatic heartwood, Buddha Wood has been used by Indigenous Australians for generations and is now highly valued in perfumery for its distinctive essential oil.
In fragrance, Buddha Wood is prized for its deep woody aroma with smoky, earthy and subtly leathery notes. Rich and long-lasting, it adds warmth, depth and complexity to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with sandalwood, oud, cedarwood, patchouli, vetiver and tobacco leaf. As one of Australia's most distinctive native fragrance ingredients, Buddha Wood brings a bold, grounding character to Australian-inspired and woody fragrance compositions.
Cedarwood
Cedarwood is obtained from several species of cedar and cedar-like trees found throughout the Mediterranean, the Himalayas and North America. Revered for centuries, these majestic evergreen trees are prized for their durable timber and naturally aromatic wood, which has been used in temples, shipbuilding, furniture and traditional perfumery since ancient times.
In fragrance, Cedarwood is celebrated for its warm woody aroma with dry, resinous and subtly balsamic notes. It is one of the most important base notes in perfumery, adding depth, balance and longevity to perfumes and scented candles. Cedarwood blends beautifully with sandalwood, vetiver, patchouli, bergamot, lavender and citrus, making it a cornerstone of woody, fresh and oriental fragrance compositions.
Cypress
Cypress is a group of evergreen conifer trees belonging to the genus Cupressus, native to the Mediterranean, North America, Asia and the Middle East. Recognised for their tall, slender form and aromatic foliage, cypress trees have been cultivated for thousands of years and have long symbolised strength, longevity and resilience. Their wood and essential oil have been valued since ancient times for construction, incense and perfumery.
In fragrance, Cypress is prized for its fresh woody aroma with crisp green, resinous and subtly smoky notes. Its clean, grounding scent adds elegance and balance to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with cedarwood, vetiver, pine needle, bergamot, lavender and sandalwood. Cypress is especially popular in woody and botanical fragrance compositions, evoking the freshness of evergreen forests and open landscapes.
Oak
Oak is a genus of more than 500 species of trees and shrubs belonging to the genus Quercus, found throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Revered for its strength, longevity and durability, oak has been used for centuries in construction, furniture, shipbuilding and the production of wine and whisky barrels. It has long symbolised endurance, wisdom and stability in many cultures.
In fragrance, Oak is prized for its rich woody aroma with warm earthy, dry and subtly smoky notes. Inspired by the character of oak wood and oak-aged barrels, it adds depth and sophistication to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with cedarwood, sandalwood, vetiver, patchouli, tobacco leaf and vanilla. Oak is especially valued in woody and masculine fragrance compositions for its timeless, grounding character.
Pine
Pine is a genus of evergreen conifer trees (Pinus) comprising more than 120 species found throughout the Northern Hemisphere. Recognised for their towering trunks, needle-like leaves and distinctive cones, pine trees dominate forests across Europe, Asia and North America. They have been valued for centuries for their timber, resin and aromatic essential oils, symbolising strength, resilience and the beauty of the natural world.
In fragrance, Pine is prized for its fresh woody aroma with crisp resinous, green and subtly balsamic notes. Its invigorating scent brings the freshness of evergreen forests to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with fir needle, cedarwood, eucalyptus, juniper berry, sandalwood and citrus. Pine is a timeless ingredient in forest-inspired and botanical fragrance compositions, creating a clean, uplifting and refreshing atmosphere.
Rosewood
Rosewood refers to several richly coloured hardwood trees found in tropical regions of South America, Asia and Australia. Highly prized for their beautiful timber and distinctive aroma, rosewood species have been used for centuries in fine furniture, musical instruments and perfumery. Today, many rosewood species are protected due to overharvesting, making sustainably sourced rosewood increasingly important.
In fragrance, Rosewood is admired for its warm woody aroma with soft floral, rosy and subtly spicy notes. The essential oil, traditionally distilled from the wood, brings elegance and balance to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with rose, lavender, geranium, sandalwood, cedarwood and citrus. Rosewood is valued for its smooth, refined character, bridging fresh floral and woody fragrance compositions.
Sandalwood
Sandalwood refers to several species of aromatic trees in the genus Santalum, with Australian Sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) and Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album) being the most highly prized. These slow-growing trees have been valued for thousands of years for their richly scented heartwood, which has been used in perfumery, religious ceremonies and traditional medicine. Australian Sandalwood is one of the country's most significant native fragrance ingredients.
In fragrance, Sandalwood is celebrated for its rich woody aroma with creamy, warm and subtly sweet notes. It is one of the most important base notes in perfumery, adding exceptional depth, smoothness and longevity to perfumes and scented candles. Sandalwood blends beautifully with cedarwood, oud, patchouli, rose, jasmine, vanilla and citrus, making it a timeless cornerstone of woody, oriental and Australian-inspired fragrance compositions.
Birch Bark
Birch Bark is the distinctive outer layer of birch trees (Betula species), recognised for its pale white or silvery appearance and natural aromatic oils. For centuries, it has been used across Europe, Asia and North America for making canoes, containers, roofing, paper and traditional crafts. When distilled, birch bark produces a rich essential oil that has become an iconic ingredient in fine perfumery.
In fragrance, Birch Bark is prized for its warm smoky aroma with leathery, woody and subtly tar-like notes. It adds depth, richness and character to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with cedarwood, vetiver, patchouli, sandalwood, tobacco leaf and oud. Birch Bark is especially valued in woody and masculine fragrance compositions, where it evokes the scent of weathered leather, campfires and forest landscapes.
Cassia Bark
Cassia Bark comes from the bark of the cassia tree (Cinnamomum cassia), an evergreen tree native to southern China and widely cultivated throughout Southeast Asia. Closely related to true cinnamon, Cassia has been prized for thousands of years as a culinary spice, traditional herbal remedy and aromatic ingredient. Its bark is thicker, darker and more intensely flavoured than true cinnamon.
In fragrance, Cassia Bark is celebrated for its warm spicy aroma with rich cinnamon, woody and subtly sweet notes. It adds warmth, depth and comforting richness to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with clove, vanilla, sandalwood, cedarwood, orange and patchouli. Cassia Bark is especially popular in gourmand, festive and oriental fragrance compositions, creating a cosy and inviting atmosphere.
Cinnamon Bark
Cinnamon Bark comes from several species of evergreen trees in the genus Cinnamomum, native to Sri Lanka, India and Southeast Asia. Harvested from the tree's inner bark, cinnamon has been one of the world's most treasured spices for thousands of years and has long been valued in cooking, traditional medicine and perfumery. True Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) is prized for its delicate sweetness, while Cassia is known for its bolder, spicier character.
In fragrance, Cinnamon Bark is celebrated for its rich spicy aroma with warm woody, sweet and subtly peppery notes. It adds warmth, depth and comforting richness to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with vanilla, clove, orange, sandalwood, cedarwood and patchouli. Cinnamon Bark is especially popular in gourmand, festive and oriental fragrance compositions, creating a cosy, inviting and luxurious atmosphere.
Amber
Amber is one of the most iconic fragrance accords in perfumery. Despite its name, it is not derived from fossilised amber but is a carefully crafted blend inspired by the warm, rich aromas of natural resins, vanilla and balsamic woods. Traditionally, amber accords are built from ingredients such as labdanum, benzoin and vanilla, creating a luxurious scent that has been treasured for centuries.
In fragrance, Amber is celebrated for its warm, resinous aroma with sweet, woody and subtly powdery notes. It adds richness, depth and exceptional longevity to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with sandalwood, patchouli, cedarwood, vanilla, oud and spices. Amber is a cornerstone of oriental and woody fragrance compositions, creating a comforting, sophisticated and timeless character.
Balsam
Balsam is a fragrant resin obtained from certain trees and shrubs, particularly firs, pines and members of the Myroxylon genus. For centuries, balsams have been prized in perfumery, incense and traditional remedies for their rich aroma and natural preservative qualities. Their warm, resinous scent has made them an enduring ingredient in fragrances around the world.
In fragrance, Balsam is celebrated for its rich resinous aroma with warm woody, sweet and subtly vanilla-like notes. It adds depth, smoothness and exceptional longevity to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with amber, cedarwood, sandalwood, patchouli, vanilla and spices. Balsam is especially valued in woody, oriental and festive fragrance compositions, creating a comforting, luxurious and long-lasting scent.
Benzoin
Benzoin is a fragrant resin obtained from several species of Styrax trees native to Southeast Asia. For centuries, it has been harvested by making small cuts in the tree's bark, allowing the aromatic resin to harden before it is collected. Benzoin has long been valued in perfumery, incense and traditional medicine for its rich scent and excellent fixative properties.
In fragrance, Benzoin is prized for its warm resinous aroma with sweet vanilla, balsamic and subtly caramel-like notes. It adds richness, smoothness and exceptional longevity to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with amber, sandalwood, patchouli, vanilla, tonka bean and spices. Benzoin is a cornerstone of oriental, gourmand and woody fragrance compositions, creating a comforting, luxurious and long-lasting scent.
Dragon's Blood
Dragon's Blood is a deep red resin obtained from several species of trees, including Dracaena, Daemonorops and Croton, found throughout Southeast Asia, the Canary Islands and parts of South America. Valued for thousands of years, it has been used in incense, traditional medicine, dyes and ceremonial practices. Its striking crimson colour gave rise to the name "Dragon's Blood," inspired by ancient legends rather than any connection to dragons.
In fragrance, Dragon's Blood is prized for its rich resinous aroma with warm amber, earthy, spicy and subtly sweet notes. It adds depth, mystery and longevity to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with sandalwood, patchouli, cedarwood, amber, vanilla and frankincense. Dragon's Blood is especially popular in oriental, resinous and mystical fragrance compositions, creating a bold, luxurious and captivating scent.
Frankincense
Frankincense is an aromatic resin obtained from Boswellia trees that grow in the arid regions of the Middle East, East Africa and India. Harvested by making small cuts in the bark, the resin hardens into golden tears before being collected. For more than 5,000 years, Frankincense has been treasured in religious ceremonies, traditional medicine and perfumery, and is famously known as one of the three gifts presented to the infant Jesus.
In fragrance, Frankincense is celebrated for its rich resinous aroma with fresh citrus, woody and subtly spicy notes. It brings depth, elegance and exceptional longevity to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with myrrh, cedarwood, sandalwood, patchouli, amber and citrus. Frankincense is a cornerstone of resinous, woody and oriental fragrance compositions, creating a sophisticated, calming and timeless scent.
Labdanum
Labdanum is a fragrant resin obtained from the rockrose shrub (Cistus ladanifer), a flowering plant native to the Mediterranean region. The sticky resin is naturally produced on the plant's leaves and stems and has been collected for thousands of years for use in perfumery, incense and traditional remedies. Historically, it was even gathered from the coats of goats and sheep that grazed among the shrubs.
In fragrance, Labdanum is prized for its rich resinous aroma with warm amber, leathery and subtly sweet notes. It is one of the key ingredients used to create amber accords, adding depth, warmth and exceptional longevity to perfumes and scented candles. Labdanum blends beautifully with patchouli, sandalwood, cedarwood, vanilla, frankincense and spices, making it a cornerstone of oriental, woody and resinous fragrance compositions.
Myrrh
Myrrh is an aromatic resin obtained from Commiphora trees that grow in the arid regions of northeast Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Harvested by making small cuts in the bark, the resin hardens into reddish-brown tears before being collected. Revered for more than 5,000 years, Myrrh has been used in religious ceremonies, traditional medicine and perfumery, and is famously known as one of the three gifts presented to the infant Jesus.
In fragrance, Myrrh is prized for its warm resinous aroma with earthy, smoky and subtly sweet balsamic notes. It adds richness, depth and exceptional longevity to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with frankincense, sandalwood, patchouli, amber, cedarwood and vanilla. Myrrh is a cornerstone of oriental, woody and resinous fragrance compositions, creating a timeless, comforting and sophisticated scent.
Oakmoss
Oakmoss is a species of lichen (Evernia prunastri) that grows naturally on the bark of oak and other hardwood trees throughout Europe, North America and parts of Asia. Despite its name, it is not a true moss but a unique combination of fungus and algae living together. For centuries, Oakmoss has been harvested and treasured as one of the most important natural ingredients in fine perfumery.
In fragrance, Oakmoss is celebrated for its deep earthy aroma with woody, green and subtly leathery notes. It adds richness, complexity and exceptional longevity to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with vetiver, patchouli, cedarwood, bergamot, lavender and citrus. Oakmoss is a defining ingredient in classic chypre and fougère fragrance families, where it provides a natural, forest-like character and refined sophistication.
Tree Moss
Tree Moss refers to several species of lichen that grow naturally on the bark and branches of trees in cool, damp forests throughout Europe, North America and parts of Asia. Although often mistaken for true moss, tree moss is a unique organism formed by a symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae. It has long been valued in perfumery for its rich, natural aroma and excellent fixative qualities.
In fragrance, Tree Moss is prized for its earthy, woody aroma with green, damp and subtly leathery notes. It adds depth, balance and exceptional longevity to perfumes and scented candles, blending beautifully with cedarwood, vetiver, patchouli, sandalwood, oakmoss and citrus. Tree Moss is especially popular in woody, forest-inspired and botanical fragrance compositions, evoking the cool freshness of ancient woodland landscapes.